Bioindicators species selecting to trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium herbicides

Abstract

Using bioindicator species is really common in studies concerning herbicides behavior in soil. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium are herbicides recommended for post-emergence weed control in cotton crop and present potential carryover to rotational crops. The research aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of vegetal species to doses of trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium herbicides looking forward to selecting plants that may be used in monitoring low concentrations of these herbicides in soil. Two experiments were simultaneous carried out, in randomized entirely design, disposed in factorial scheme 4x5 with four replicates, constituted by four species used as bioindicators (cucumber [Cucumis sativus], soybean [Glycine max], corn [Zea mays] and bean [Phaseolus vulgaris] and five herbicides doses (trifloxysulfuron-sodium 0; 0.94; 1.87; 3.75 and 7.5 g ha-1 and pyrithiobacsodium at 0; 8.75; 17.5; 35 and 70 g ha-1), applied in pre-emergence, before bioindicators sowing. Twenty-one days after application (DAA), plants were evaluated in relation to phytointoxication, height and dossel mass accumulation, calculating I50 (necessary dose for reducing 50% of analyzed variable), in order to compare species sensibility to herbicides. It was concluded that cucumber and corn behaved as the most sensitive species to trifloxysulfuron-sodium and pyrithiobac-sodium herbicides, showing potential for utilization in bioassays with these herbicides.